We present an architecture, a framework, and a proposed operating environment designed to implement a unified, integrated approach to Universal Access, irrespective of the causes for any special needs it is meant to address. Multiple facets to the concept of Universal Access present different disabilities and accessibility needs. Some access needs are personal, user-based, such as visual disabilities, hearing disabilities, reading and learning disabilities. Other are situation- or circumstance-driven, such as the need for eyes-free operation (e.g., driving, no adequate lighting). Some are permanent, some may be temporary. Personal and situational access needs can and should be addressed under the same environment, allowing users to adjust access options based on their personal needs and the specific circumstances under which they are operating. Our approach offers a single, integrated environment and platform that can address any access needs based on user-, and situation- and presentation-profiles. The approach is based on XML-, Web-based technologies to deliver contents to users visual and aural channels based on needs, preferences, and systems availabilities as described by XML-based profiles.

We first summarize our views on access needs. Then, we provide an overview of relevant XML technologies, and visual and aural presentation technologies. Finally, we proceed to describe how these technologies are brought together in our architecture to address the issues presented by universal access needs.